System and apparatus for heating



(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 11.

W; M: DECKER. SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING, 000mm, AND

VENTILATING BUILDINGS. No. 468,645. Patented Feb. 9, 1892.

W/TNESSES T57 1 V //v VENTOR ATTORNEYS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

WgM. DECKER. SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FORHEATING, 000mm, AND

VENTILATING BUILDINGS.

No. 468,645. Patented Feb 9, 1892.

ATTORNEYS Nonms PETERS 00., Puma unm WASHINGTON, u, c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

\VILLIAM M. DECKER, OF KINGSTON, N EXV YORK.

SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 468,6d5, dated February9, 1892u Application filed March 10, 1891. Serial No. 384,403.

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM M. DECKER, of Kingston, in the county ofUlster and State of New York, have invented a new and useful System andApparatus for Heating, Cooling, and Ventilating Buildings, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to improved means to for the warming, cooling,and ventilation of houses, as is hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is to be made to the accompanying drawings, forming a portionof this speci- I 5 fication, in which similar letters of referenceindicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is an elevation in section of a building containing theimprovement, utilizing steam or hot water as a source of heat. Fig.

2c 2 is a plan in section of the structure shown in Fig. 1 and containedapparatus, taken on the line 2 2 in said figure; and Fig. 3 is a brokensectional elevation of the lower part of the building shown in previousfigures,

showing a hot-air heater in position for serv'- ice in connection withthe improved system for heat distribution.

This improved system for heating, cooling, and ventilating buildings isadapted for use in all architectural structures that are provided withintercellular spaces in side walls and similar spaces between floors,and it may here be stated that any manner of constructing such spacesmay be utilized in buildings 3 5 constructed of any material that ismost convenient or may be preferred by the builder.

In Fig. 1 a building of three stories is depicted to illustrate thesystem, it being understood that the details with regard to mi- 0 norfeatures may be changed to suit the situation.

A B C respectively represent the several stories from the ground iioorupwardly, D E

F the side walls of the building, and G H the fioors intervening betweenthe stories. The

side walls D E F shown, as well as the one removed by cutting thesection in Fig. 1, are

each provided with an intercellular space a,

which is preferably extended from the lower 5o floor G upwardly to ornear to the roof of the building.

(N 0 model.)

If steam or hot water is to be used in the heating of the building, anypreferred form of steam-generator or water-heating device (representedat I) is located in the lower story 5 5 and adapted for service byconnecting the steam or hot-water pipe J with any desired number ofpipe-coils L,'which are placed within the intercellular spaces a, saidcoils being preferably joined together in series and also with the steamor hot-water generator I at or near its base, a check-valve b or similardevice being provided near the point of entrance of the return-pipe c.

At the points where the coils L are introduced within the spaces a,there are niches K, formed in the foundation-walls of the buildingdirectly below said points to facilitate the insertion of the coils, andto close the openings provided for the same purpose a sealing-plate (lis secured over each aperture below the coil, which plates areperforated to receive the pipe J. The exterior portion of each hollowside wall is apertnred above and near to the plates (Z for the recep- 75 tion of cold-air registers g, which may be controlled by the dependinghandles g, that are affixed to theinner ends of the shafts,whereon therevoluble gates of the registers are attached. Any other well-knowndevice adapted for the graduated introduction of cold air from the outeratmosphere into the boxes (I may be substituted for the registers shown.The laterally-continuous spaces a are sealed at all points other thanwhere the niches K are formed by the foundation-wall K, as shown at theleft side of Fig. 1.

Near the upper terminals of the int-creellular spaces a there areregisters h, located in the outer portions of the side walls, which arec adapted for convenient manipulation to graduate the outflow of airfrom the spacesa when this is desired. There are similar or other shapedregisters h formed or introduced above in the inner side wall shell ofthe third 5 story at any desired points, these being adapted, whenopened, to afford exit-passages for foul air or any excess of heat inthe upper part of the rooms, wherein said registers are located.Preferably the registers h are placed too in nearly the same horizontalplane with the registers h.

At 2' horizontal division-walls are intro-. duced in the air-spaces a ofthe side walls D E F, and at any desired points the slide-gates m areplaced over proper apertures in the division-walls, which gates aremoved by rods 01, that project through perforations in the inner shellof the side walls, so as to be .conveniently manipulated, as may berequired to regulate the upward flow of hot or cold air in the spaces a.

There are series of suitably-spaced passages 0 leading from the verticalspaces a into the spaces between the fioors and adjacent ceilings of thebuilding, these apertures being formed in the inner shell of the doubleside walls and adapted to introduce warm or cold air that may pervadethe air-spaces a, and in the floors of the rooms the registers 0 maybeplaced to introduce hot or cold air through the floors into the rooms.

lVithin the apartments of the building, preferably near their floors,any desired number of registers 13 are introduced into the side walls,so as to afford means for the graduated introduction of hot or cool airfrom the intercellular spaces a into any of the said apartments, theform of the registers being immaterial, so that they are well adapted totheir use.

\Vhen the described apparatus is to be used as a heat-supply for thebuilding, steam or hot water is generated in the boiler I, from which itis circulated through the coils L. The cold-air registers g are adjustedto permit a proper inflow of air from without the building, and thus bycontact of the inducted air with the pipe-coils L a proper supply ofpure warm air is furnished that may be introduced into any apartment byopening the registers 19, their adjustment regulating the heat to affordan equal temperature of proper degree, the registers h by their properadjustment affording means to control the heat in and remove foul airfrom the-air-spaces a, and consequently from the rooms of the buildingso provided.

Within apartments that are below others in a building heated in themanner hereinbefore explained there are foul-air dischargingregisters Sprovided, which are' placed near the ceilings of the rooms in theside-wall shells A, for example, and have direct connection with shortfines u, that extend upright within the air-spaces Ct above the floor Hand through the horizontal division-walls 2' to convey foul air awayfrom the room B. -It will be seen that the continuous envelope of hotair afforded by this method of heating a building avoids drafts of airhaving unequal temperature and affords a uniform heat and pure air, aswellas ventilation, throughout the building.

In warm weather, when the heating apparatus is out of service, theproper manipulation of the cold-air registers g h m and theinduction-registers 10 will introduce a graduated flow of cool airthroughout the spaces a and between the floors of the apartments,

and, if desired, into the rooms through the registers' p and out throughthe registers h and 3.

If hot air is to be produced by the use of a furnace M, (see Fig. such adevice of any well-approved construction may be substituted for thesteam or hot-Water boiler I, and in this case the coils L will bedispensed with. The cold air that has become heated by contact with theinterior air-spaces of the furnace is conducted therefrom into the boxes01, that are constructed as shown, and thence into the spaces a, to bedistributed, as before explained. The cold-air registers g below, beinggenerally kept closed in cold weather, may be slightly opened if anadmixture of cool air is desired.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent- 1. The combination, with av building havinglaterally-continuous spaces a in its walls, adapted to receive heat froma suitable source, of a cold-air inlet at the lower end of said space,valved openings 19, leading into space a from the rooms at thefloor-line, openings leading from the spaces between the floor andceiling joists into the space a, a register in the floor conducting airfrom the said floorspace into the room, and an outlet in the outer wallto permit air to escape from space a into the outer air, substantiallyas shown and described.

2. A building having laterally-continuous air-spaces a in its walls, asuitable source of heat, horizontal partition 2', dividing the space aabove the floor-line and provided with valved openings, the spacesbetween the floorjoists communicating with the space at below saidpartition, valved openings 19 from the rooms at the floor-line intospace a below said partition, cold-air inlet g, and the registers s atthe upper part of the wall of the lower room and communicating with aflue to, leading up through partition 1'.

8. In a system of mural heating, a building provided with hollow walls,the spaces a in which are laterally continuous, opening 0, leadingintosaid space from between the floorjoists, and valved openings 19, leadinginto space a' from the floor-lines of the upper and lower rooms, ahorizontal partition 2' in space a above the upper floor-line and havingvalved openings controlled from the upper room, as at n, and theoutlet-registers h in the outer wall at the upper end of space a,substantially as shown and described.

4. A building having hollow walls forming a laterallycontinuous space a,with which the spaces between the floor-joists freely communicate, thecold-air register g in the outer wall at the first floor-line, niches Kin the foundation-walls, communicating with space plates to a heater I,the horizontal partition and the outlet-registers 7b in the outer wall2' in space above the upper floor-line and at the upper end of the spacea, substantially provided with valved openings, the valved as shown anddescribed.

openings 19 in the upper and lower rooms at WVILLIAM M. DECKER. thefloor-line, the fines u, leading from the Witnesses:

lower room up through partition 1' and pro- JACOB D. MERTS,

vided with registers h, the floor-registers 0, CHAS. -V AN BUREN.

